Quoique Chiavari soit un centre essentiellement urbain, il possède des territoires avec un taux de biodiversités de moyen à haut.
Traditionnellement c’est un centre parmi les plus connus pour l’étude de la botanique ligurienne: on se souvient des botanistes de Chiavari Federico Delpino et Bernardino Turio, qui étudièrent en premiers de façon approfondie la nature des vallées et des rivières proches de la ville, sans oublier les plaines anthropiques de l’Entella, par le passé zone humide importante que l’on peut comparer actuellement à celle du fleuve Magra. C’est à cause de cela que Chiavari fait partie de deux Sites d’Importance Communautaire ainsi que d’une Oasis Provinciale de protection de la Faune.
Le site “pSIC Pineta – Lecceta di Chiavari” est celui qui définit le mieux les milieux naturels du territoire, caractérisé par une partie de côte avec des maquis de chênes verts (Quercusilex) et des pinèdes à pins maritimes, domestiques et d’Aleppo (Pinuspinaster, Pinus pinea, Pinushalepensis); on y repère aussi des terrains appartenant à la formation sédimentaire du Mont Antola.
Ce site a de nombreuses espèces endémiques, parmi lesquelles des mollusques marins (Toffolettiastritiolata et Solatopupa pallida). En ce qui concerne la flore, l’espèce de plus grand intérêt est l’Euphorbiabiumbellata, à la limite nord-orientale de sa distribution. On y trouve aussi de nombreuses orchidées protégées par les normes internationales (CITES).
Un autre site important qui implique seulement partiellement les zone de Chiavari est le “pSIC Foce e Medio Corso del Fiume Entella”. L’Entella prend son origine de la confluence de trois torrents (Lavagna, Graveglia et Sturla), à la hauteur de Carasco; la source du torrent Lavagna, qui se jette dans la mer entre les villes de Lavagna et Chiavari comme le fleuve Entella, se trouve dans le territoire de Sestri, dans la Commune de Neirone, qui est peut-être la localité que Dante cite dans les vers du Purgatoire.
Le site est représenté par l’Entella, long environ 5 Km. La géologie est caractérisée par des alluvions de graviers et sables argileux; les eaux sont peuplées de Leuciscussouffia et Barbusplebejus. Pour les passionnés on fait la liste des exemplaires principaux: martin pêcheur (Alcedoatthis), calandro (Anthus campestris), héron rouge (Ardea purpurea), calandrella (Calandrella brachydactyla), garzetta (Egretta garzetta), ortolano (Emberizahortulana), cavaliere d’Italia (Himantopushimantopus), tarabusino (Ixobriychusminutus), averla piccola (Laniuscollurio), mouette (Larusmelanocephalus), pettazzurro (Lusciniasvecica), un oiseau rare et très beau qui vient de Suède, nitticora (Nycticoraxnycticorax), et des poissons comme la tête de boule (Leuciscussouffia), barbo (Barbusplebejus) et, parmi les insectes, le papillon de nuit (Callimorphaquadripunctaria). Parmi les espèces végétales on cite l’iris jaune (Iris pseudacorus), désormais très rare, mais autrefois commun dans les zones marécageuses de la plaine.
Le long de l’Entella on peut visiter l’Oasis par un sentier équipé grâce à la Provincia di Genova, sentier qui suit en grande partie le parcours cyclable reliant Chiavari à Carasco. De plus, depuis trois ans, à Chiavari on peut aussi visiter un jardin botanique situé dans le Parc de Villa Rocca, où sont présentes et décrites les espèces les plus représentatives des zones citées ci-dessus, intéressant surtout le maquis méditerranéen, les zones côtières et les zones rudérales.
Il est possible d’obtenir des renseignements sur des excursions de grande ampleur au siège du CAI chiavarese.
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